Tbh, that's where the problem lies. Most of the things that you actually need people to be able to do in coding these days can't really be tested in interviews , as it would take forever to do.
There's definitely quite a few things you wouldn't really need in a computer science degree for a software development career (hardware, some aspects of compilers, mathematical methods and that sort of thing). Logic and some other fields are very useful though.
Almost every problem that can be encountered in software today is caused by bad design decisions. It's easy to write code but very difficult to write code that is easy to understand, efficient, scalable and extendable if one doesn't really know what's going on underneath it all. Pretty much every problem you face will be directly caused and/or exacerbated by this.
My suspicion in this would be that the corporate arm of big tech is seeing an opportunity that's actually a trap - people who did bootcamp courses can likely be paid less to do the same work, and they can push them to learn everything else on the job in their personal time. (As the skills aren't as useful to other big tech companies who don't recognise the bootcamp, you're in a worse negotiating position for salary, and they know it.)
For yourself though, wouldn't worry about it or anything. There's nothing wrong with going in this way if it's what you prefer; how well you do will depend somewhat on how much you learn about topics like performance that isn't specifically taught to you on the job, at least that's my estimation.
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In the long term, I can see in the future that shorter courses could become a more "mainstream" option for software development - or that degrees might start being split up rather than having general "computer science" degrees. That said, at the moment bootcamps are all comparatively narrow - I don't mean in the sense of teaching but in terms of where you can go with them.
Out of interest, is the bootcamp you attended aimed specifically at employment with a specific group of employers? I have yet to see a bootcamp that isn't (or isn't in practice), but I'm curious nonetheless.
I would assume that regardless of that, it's only going to be applicable to employers utilising high-level languages with a lack of specific requirements elsewhere (which is fine provided you're happy in said employers, ofc).